鎳氧化物高溫超導、量子組合優化、非平衡量子系統、模對稱性 | 本週物理講座
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報告人：柴雅卉，德國DESY
時間：1月14日（週二）10:00
單位：中國科學院物理研究所
地點：M 樓 253 會議室
摘要：
Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are powerful tools for solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term quantum devices. In this talk, I will compare quantum optimization algorithms inspired by real-time and imaginary-time evolution, presenting our work on improving their performance.
While the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is widely used, its high circuit depth and measurement demands limit hardware efficiency. In contrast, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) offers more flexible ansatz design and shallower circuits. I will present our structure-inspired ansatz (SIA) and warm-start method, which enable efficient parameter initialization and address challenges like barren plateaus and statistical errors.
報告人簡介：
柴雅卉，現任德國DESY博士後研究員。2016年畢業於中國科學技術大學，獲理論物理學士學位；2021年於北京大學獲得理論物理博士學位，師從劉川教授。自2023年起，在德國DESY從事博士後研究工作。其研究領域涵蓋量子計算在粒子物理、多體物理及組合優化問題中的應用，以及相關算法的優化。
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報告人：丁桂軍，中國科學技術大學
時間：1月14日（週二）15:00
單位：中國科學院理論物理所
地點：北樓322
Zoom 會議號：83276300290
密碼：691240
摘要：
夸克和帶電輕子的質量之間有巨大的等級差，中微子振盪試驗表明中微子有微小的質量，發現輕子混合與夸克混合截然不同。輕子和夸克的質量起源與味混合結構是粒子物理的重要疑難問題,模對稱是解決該難題的一種可能方案。模對稱性可用少量自由參數解釋輕子與夸克的質量和混合參數，同時模場可以驅動暴漲、實現宇宙“再加熱”等。該報告將介紹模對稱性的基本想法和最新進展，並討論在將來中微子振盪實驗、無中微子雙衰變和宇宙學中的可觀測效應。
報告人簡介：
丁桂軍，中國科學技術大學物理學院教授，2007年在中國科學技術大學獲得博士學位，2007年至2009年在中國科學技術大學從事博士後研究，隨後在中國科學技術大學工作，歷任副教授、教授。主要研究方向爲費米子質量起源與味混合以及中微子物理學等。2024年應邀在第31屆國際中微子物理大會上做輕子味混合理論的大會綜述報告。目前已在JHEP、PRD等學術刊物發表論文100餘篇，共被引用5500餘次，並受邀爲《Reports on Progress in Physics》和《Physics Report》撰寫長篇綜述（注：Physics Report論文已被接受、正在出版中）。
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報告人：劉俊傑，上海大學理學院物理系
時間：1月15日（週三）10:00
單位：中國科學技術大學蘇州高等研究院
鏈接:
摘要：
Energy-information links underpin many nonequilibrium quantum processes andfind important applications in quantum thermal machines and quantuminformation processing tasks. In this talk, I will present our recent efforts inpursuing inherent energy-information links in nonequilibrium quantum systemsFirstly, I will introduce a thermodynamic inference theory that can infer generalenergy-information links without prior knowledge of environments of openquantum systems. Secondly, I will show the intriguing global-local structureunderlying the thermodynamic cost of operating multipartite quantum correlated Systems.
報告人簡介：
劉俊傑，2007-2016年在復旦大學學習，獲學士和博士學位。之後在美國麻省理工學院/新加坡-麻省理工聯合研究中心、加拿大阿爾伯塔大學和加拿大多倫多大學從事博士後研究。2022年起任上海大學理學院物理系教授博士生導師。入選上海市浦江學者和上海市海外高層次人才計劃。主要從事開放量子體系和量子信息熱力學方面的理論研究工作，具體研究方向包括量子熱機、能量信息關係和非平衡統計與推斷等。已在Phys.Rev. Lett..Nano Lett.、J.Phys.Chem. Lett.和Phys. RevA/B/E/Research/Applied等學術期刊上發表30餘篇學術論文。
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報告人：王猛，中山大學物理學院
時間：1月16日（週四）14:30
單位：《中國科學：物理學力學天文學》期刊
鏈接：
摘要：
高溫超導材料和機理研究是物理學重要的前沿研究領域之一。從銅氧化物超導體到鐵基超導體，研究人員已經從中探究了很多高溫超導的奧秘，然而並未形成具有廣泛共識的高溫超導理論。本報告聚焦新發現的鎳氧化物高溫超導體系，討論其中超導、磁性和微觀結構等方面的研究進展以及與銅氧化物及鐵基超導體性質的異同，爲高溫超導機理研究提供更多線索。
報告人簡介：
王猛，中山大學物理學院教授、博士生導師。本科畢業於吉林大學物理學院，博士畢業於中國科學院物理研究所超導國家重點實驗室，之後在加州大學伯克利分校物理系開展博士後研究工作。研究興趣包括非常規超導和量子磁性的物性及機理研究，研究方法包括材料生長、中子散射、高壓技術等。主持國家自然科學基金傑出青年基金、科技部重點研發計劃課題等項目，是SCPMA、CPL、CPB、《物理學報》、《物理》雜誌青年編委。帶領團隊發現壓力下鎳氧化物高溫超導體，成果入選“兩院院士評選2023年中國十大科技進展新聞”和“2023年中國重大科學、技術和工程進展”。
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報告人：Claudio Ricci，迭戈波塔利斯大學
時間：1月16日（週四）15:30
單位：北京大學物理學院
地點: KIAA-auditorium
摘要：
Recent studies have proposed that the nuclear millimeter continuum emission observed in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) could be created by the same population of electrons that gives rise to the X-ray emission that is ubiquitously observed in accreting black holes. In my talk I will present the results of several dedicated high spatial resolution (~60-100 milliarcsecond) 100 GHz ALMA campaigns focussed on nearby radio-quiet AGN. We find an extremely high detection rate (~95\%), which shows that nuclear emission at mm-wavelenghts is nearly ubiquitous in accreting SMBHs. This emission is extremely variable on short timescales, confirming the idea that it comes from a very compact region. Our high-resolution observations show a tight correlation between the nuclear (1-23 pc) 100GHz and the intrinsic X-ray emission. This shows the potential of ALMA continuum observations to detect heavily obscured AGN (up to an optical depth of one at 100GHz, i.e. ~1e27 cm^-2), and to identify binary SMBHs with separations <100 pc, which cannot be probed by current X-ray facilities.
報告人簡介：
Claudio Ricci is an Italian astronomer specializing in high-energy astrophysics, focusing on supermassive black holes and active galactic nuclei. He earned his Ph.D. from the Université de Genève, Switzerland, in 2011. Following his doctorate, he held postdoctoral positions at the University of Geneva, Kyoto University, and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. In 2018, he joined Universidad Diego Portales in Santiago, Chile, where he is now Associate professor, and where he leads the High-Energy Research on Obscuration and Emission in Supermassive Black Holes (HEROES) team. He will be moving back to the Université de Genève in June 2025 as a faculty. Ricci co-founded and co-leads the Swift/BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS), and is leading the AGN follow up working group in the LSST collaboration. He is a scientific editor for the AAS journals since January 2024.
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報告人：Frank Wilczek， Chief Scientist of the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute
時間：1月19日（週日）10:00
單位：李政道研究所、上海交通大學致遠學院、上海交通大學物理與天文學院、Wilczek Quantum Center
鏈接：
摘要：
1.Green Functions and Causal Wave Packet Spreading
2.From Klein Paradox to Klein Physics
3.Quantum Traps 1: Space-time Lattice Quantum Models
4.Quantum Traps 2: Virtual States and Quasi-normal Modes
5.Quantum Traps 3: Many Bodies and Entropy
6.Quantum Traps 4: Dynamic Geometry
報告人簡介：
Professor Frank Wilczek is a distinguished theoretical physicist and the Chief Scientist of the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute. As the recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics, he has made groundbreaking contributions across multiple cutting-edge fields:
Asymptotic Freedom Theory: In 1973, he and David Gross, along with H. David Politzer independently, proposed the theory of asymptotic freedom, which explains how the interaction between quarks strengthens with increasing distance. This theory has become a cornerstone of modern particle physics.
Axion Theory: In 1978, he and Steven Weinberg introduced the concept of the Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking, which predicts the existence of a new particle—axion. In 1983, he proposed that axions could be candidates for cold dark matter, and in 1987, he explored their potential discovery in topological insulators.
Anyons and Topological Quantum Computing: In 1982, he studied anyons, quasiparticles that exist between fermions and bosons. In 2020, anyons were experimentally observed, paving the way for advancements in topological quantum computing.
Time Crystals: In 2012, he introduced the concept of time crystals, a groundbreaking idea that was experimentally validated in 2016.
From January 19 to January 21, 2025, Professor Wilczek will deliver a series of lectures at the Minhang Campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The lectures are designed for senior undergraduates, with 3–4 slots allocated to students from each member University of the Top-notch Student Cultivation Program. Faculty and students are warmly welcomed to this exceptional learning opportunity.
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